1.Swift之Codable实战技巧
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Swift之Codable实战技巧
作者 | kingnight
Part.1 引言
本文将深入探讨Swift4.0引入的Codable新特性,它能将程序内部的数据结构序列化为可交换数据,亦能将通用数据格式反序列化为内部使用的数据结构,显著提升了对象与表示间转换的体验。以狐友iOS团队的实战经验为依据,本文将详细解析Codable使用过程中的票据打印源码常见问题与解决方案。
Part.2 简介
Codable协议自Swift4.0起被引入,旨在取代NSCoding协议,支持结构体、枚举及类,并能将JSON等弱类型数据转换为代码中的强类型数据。Codable由Decodable与Encodable两个协议组成,分别定义了初始化与编码方法。Swift标准库中的多种类型如String、Int、Double及Foundation框架下的Data、Date、疫情溯源码查询平台URL等,已默认支持Codable协议,仅需声明协议即可。
以学生信息为例,通过声明支持Codable协议,学生信息对象就能默认支持init(from:)与encode(to:)方法,无需额外编写代码。本文将重点介绍使用JSON格式进行编码与解码的什么是疫情溯源码过程。
Part.3 应用场景
JSON格式广泛应用于网络数据传输,Codable协议能够将JSON数据转换为应用程序内部使用的格式,取代繁琐的手动解码过程,大幅减少编码与解码的重复工作。
此外,Codable协议替代NSCoding协议,使得遵循Codable协议的对象能够无缝集成NSKeyedArchiver与NSKeyedUnarchiver进行数据持久化与反持久化操作,简化了原有流程,济宁溯源码申请流程显著提升了效率。
Part.4 使用技巧
4.1 嵌套对象、数组与字典
Swift4支持条件一致性规则,当数组中的每个元素与字典中的键值均遵循Codable协议,整体对象即可默认遵循Codable协议。
以班级对象为例,通过一致性的规则,即可实现对复杂数据结构的上海进口燕窝溯源码解码工作。
4.2 空对象或空值处理
在复杂业务场景下,数据结构可能包含空对象或空值,Codable提供灵活的处理方式。通过将对象属性设置为可选类型,Codable能够自动将空对象映射为nil,简化了处理逻辑。
通过调整源对象属性类型为可选值,能够有效解决空对象或空值的解析问题。
4.3 字段匹配与键值转换
JSON中使用蛇形命名法(snake_case)命名键值,而Swift API设计中倾向于UpperCamelCase与lowerCamelCase。通过JSONDecoder的keyDecodingStrategy属性,可方便地在不同命名规范之间转换。
对于键值不匹配的情况,可通过CodingKeys自定义映射规则,指定明确的字符串原始值,以确保正确解析。
4.4 定制日期格式处理
日期格式是数据处理中常见的需求,Codable提供灵活的日期解码机制。通过dateDecodingStrategy属性,可针对不同日期标准如ISO与RFC进行自定义解析。
4.5 枚举值转换
在移动应用开发中,模版类型字段常用于区别展示样式。通过实现字符串或整型数据到枚举类型的转换,可以简化代码逻辑并提升用户体验。
4.6 动态键值结构处理
当Web服务下发动态数据结构时,Codable提供灵活的init与encode方法,支持处理动态键值问题,简化了代码实现。
4.7 特殊类型处理
对于不遵循Codable协议的特殊类型,通过重写编码与初始化方法,可以实现与Codable协议的兼容性,避免潜在冲突。
Part.5 总结
引入Codable协议,简化了Swift程序中数据结构之间的转换过程,显著提升了开发效率。本文通过多种场景与实例解析了Codable的使用技巧与常见问题解决方法,希望对读者在实际开发中提供参考与启示。
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ãã[mArrayCopy1 addObject:@"de"];
ãã[mArrayCopy1 removeObjectAtIndex:0];
ããarray1åarrayCopy1æ¯æéå¤å¶ï¼èmArrayCopy1æ¯å¯¹è±¡å¤å¶ï¼mArrayCopy1è¿å¯ä»¥æ¹åæå çå ç´ ï¼å é¤ææ·»å ãä½æ¯æ³¨æçæ¯ï¼å®¹å¨å çå ç´ å 容é½æ¯æéå¤å¶ã
ããä¸é¢ç¨å¦ä¸ä¸ªä¾åæ¥æµè¯ä¸ä¸ã
ããNSArray *mArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"a"],@"b",@"c",nil];
ããNSArray *mArrayCopy2 = [mArray1 copy];
ããNSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]);
ããNSMutableArray *mArrayMCopy1 = [mArray1 mutableCopy];
ããNSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]);
ãã//mArrayCopy2,mArrayMCopy1åmArray1æåçé½æ¯ä¸ä¸æ ·ç对象ï¼ä½æ¯å ¶ä¸çå ç´ é½æ¯ä¸æ ·ç对象ââåä¸ä¸ªæé
ãã//ä¸ä¸åæµè¯
ããNSMutableString *testString = [mArray1 objectAtIndex:0];
ãã//testString = @"1a1";//è¿æ ·ä¼æ¹åtestStringçæéï¼å ¶å®æ¯å°@â1a1â临æ¶å¯¹è±¡èµç»äºtestString
ãã[testString appendString:@" tail"];//è¿æ ·ä»¥ä¸ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç»çé¦å ç´ é½è¢«æ¹åäº
ããç±æ¤å¯è§ï¼å¯¹äºå®¹å¨èè¨ï¼å ¶å ç´ å¯¹è±¡å§ç»æ¯æéå¤å¶ãå¦æéè¦å ç´ å¯¹è±¡ä¹æ¯å¯¹è±¡å¤å¶ï¼å°±éè¦å®ç°æ·±æ·è´ã
ããNSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"first"],[NSStringstringWithString:@"b"],@"c",nil];
ããNSArray *deepCopyArray=[[NSArray alloc] initWithArray: array copyItems: YES];
ããNSArray* trueDeepCopyArray = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:
ãã[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: array]];
ããtrueDeepCopyArrayæ¯å®å ¨æä¹ä¸çæ·±æ·è´ï¼èdeepCopyArrayåä¸æ¯ï¼å¯¹äºdeepCopyArrayå çä¸å¯åå ç´ å ¶è¿æ¯æéå¤å¶ãæè æ们èªå·±å®ç°æ·±æ·è´çæ¹æ³ãå 为å¦æ容å¨çæä¸å ç´ æ¯ä¸å¯åçï¼é£ä½ å¤å¶å®å该对象ä»æ§æ¯ä¸è½æ¹åçï¼å æ¤åªéè¦æéå¤å¶å³å¯ãé¤éä½ å¯¹å®¹å¨å çå ç´ éæ°èµå¼ï¼å¦åæéå¤å¶å³å·²è¶³å¤ã举个ä¾åï¼[[array objectAtIndex:0]appendstring:@âsdâ]åå ¶ä»ç容å¨å 对象并ä¸ä¼åå½±åã[[array objectAtIndex:1]å[[deepCopyArray objectAtIndex:0]尽管æ¯æååä¸åå åï¼ä½æ¯æ们没æåæ³å¯¹å ¶è¿è¡ä¿®æ¹ââå 为å®æ¯ä¸å¯æ¹åçãæ以æéå¤å¶å·²ç»è¶³å¤ãæ以è¿å¹¶ä¸æ¯å®å ¨æä¹ä¸çæ·±æ·è´ï¼ä½æ¯appleçå®æ¹ææ¡£å°å ¶å为deep copyäºï¼å¹¶æ·»å äºcopyåmutablityçå ³ç³»è¯´æï¼æ å¨æ¤åä¸è¯´æ
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